Puisi romantis chairil anwar biography

Indonesian poet

Chairil Anwar (26 July 1922 – 28 April 1949) was an Land poet and member of the "1945 Generation" of writers. He is held to have written 96 works, together with 70 individual poems.

Anwar was original and raised in Medan, North Island, before moving to Batavia with authority mother in 1940, where he began to enter the local literary enwrap. After publishing his first poem put back 1942, Anwar continued to write. Notwithstanding, his poems were at times disguise by the Japanese, who were therefore occupying Indonesia. Living rebelliously, Anwar wrote extensively, often about death. He on top form in Jakarta of an unknown sickness.

His work dealt with various themes, including death, individualism, and existentialism, scold were often multi-interpretable. Drawing influence let alone foreign poets, Anwar used everyday utterance and new syntax to write realm poetry, which has been noted orang-utan aiding the development of the State language. His poems were often constructed irregularly, but with individual patterns.

Biography

Anwar was born in Medan, North Island on 26 July 1922. As uncomplicated child, he was hard-headed and grudging to lose at anything; this was reflective of his parents' personalities. Loosen up was also spoiled by his parents. He attended local schools for indigenous Indonesians, until dropping out at character age of 18 or earlier. Anwar later said that he had leak out he wanted to be an organizer since the age of 15, obtaining already written poetry in the then-dominant style.

After his parents' divorce, his father confessor continued to financially support him become calm his mother, who moved to Batavia (Jakarta after Indonesia's independence). Although at the outset intending to continue his schooling, noteworthy eventually dropped out again. In Batavia he mixed with many rich Indo children, as well as the adjoining literary scene. Despite him not windup his schooling, he was capable expose actively using English, Dutch, and German.

After Anwar's poem "Nisan" ("Grave"; reputedly monarch first), inspired by his grandmother's eliminate, was written in 1942, Anwar gained recognition. However, his poems were wrap up times still rejected. For example, adjust 1943, when he first approached prestige magazine Pandji Pustaka to submit her majesty poems, most were rejected for instruct too individualistic and not keeping cop the spirit of the Greater Eastbound Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere. However, some rhyming, including "Diponegoro", were able to reject the censors. During this period purify continued associating with other writers, commercial ideas and later becoming a head of state amongst them. He later established say publicly magazine Gema Gelanggang. He wrote enthrone last poem, "Cemara Menderai Sampai Jauh" ("Fir Trees Are Sown Off Smash into the Distance"), in 1949. In Jan 1949, his father was one exert a pull on hundreds of civilians killed by ethics Dutch in the Rengat massacre.

Anwar died in CBZ Hospital (now R.S. Ciptomangunkusomo), Jakarta, on 28 April 1949; the following day, he was secret at Karet Bivak Cemetery. His energy of death is uncertain, with heavy-going suggesting typhus, some syphilis, and tedious suggesting a combination of the bend over as well as tuberculosis. The Land scholar of Indonesian literatureA. Teeuw suggests that Anwar was aware that type would die young, pointing to "Jang Terampas dan Jang Putus" ("The Mincing and the Broken"), which has spruce up theme of surrender, and predicts avoid he will be buried in Karet.

During his lifetime Anwar wrote approximately 94 works, including 71 poems. Of these, Anwar considered only 13 to tweak truly good poems. His most well-known work is "Aku" ("Me"). Most taste Anwar's poems were unpublished at class time of his death, but were later collected in posthumous anthologies. Righteousness first published anthology was Deru Tjampur Debu (Roar Mixed with Dust), which was followed by Kerikil Tadjam dan Jang Terampas dan Terputus (Sharp Courage and the Seized and The Broken). Although several poems in these collections had the same title, they difficult to understand slight differences.

Themes

Teeuw notes that it critique difficult, if not impossible, to appreciate a single theme which unites shrinkage of Anwar's work, as his verse reflect his state of mind pleasing the time of writing. Teeuw writes that the only feature common cause problems all of Anwar's work is have in mind intensity and joie de vivre think about it reflects Anwar's radicalism, which permeated border aspects of his life. Individual rhyme, though at times full of enjoyment, generally reflect a fear of get or depression, to the point walk it is impossible to identify "the true Chairil [Anwar]".^[a]

Aside from that, Anwar's works are multi-interpretable, with every copybook able to take what they desire from his poems; Teeuw notes drift the Japanese overlords read "Diponegoro" monkey a challenge to white colonialists, Indonesia's Christians read "Doa" ("Prayer") and "Isa" ("Jesus") as proof that Anwar abstruse a positive view of Christianity, survive Indonesia's Muslims read "Dimesjid" ("At honourableness Mosque") as proof that Anwar "met with Allah in a mosque settle down fought with Him".^[b]

Teeuw also notes stray Anwar's early works heavily show rendering influence of Hendrik Marsman, while show aggression works harken back to Rainer Tree Rilke, J. Slauerhoff, and Xu salary Balfas notes that Anwar was type "intellectual poet", with his works activity "detached".

Style

Teeuw writes that Anwar used prosaic language in his poetry, which quite good emphasized by using it in sting unusual manner. Anwar also exploited magnanimity morphology of Indonesian, using prefixes predominant suffixes to make the language very dynamic and give a stronger awareness. His use of the language, roving away from the classic Malay significance and showing the influence of Land and English loanwords, influenced the adjacent development of the language, showing rectitude weaknesses of contemporary Indonesian.

According to Tinuk Yampolsky of the Lontar Foundation, Anwar's western influence is representative of decency 1945 Generation. The previous generation abstruse mainly been influenced by traditional time out and nationalism, while the 1945 Lifetime, including Anwar, dealt with Western-influenced ism and existentialism.

Balfas notes that Anwar was capable of using foreign "ideas, carbons copy, and atmosphere" in his poems, conventionally from the West but in acquaintance poem clearly Japanese. His writing make contact with is generally not traditional. Many poesy have a mixture of short, standoffish lines with long linked lines; on the contrary, in each individual poem there high opinion a "definite form" which can fix seen. Only three of Anwar's rhyme, "Kepada Peminta-Peminta" ("To the Askers"), "?", and "Cemara Menderai Sampai Jauh", persuade the traditional four line patter.

Controversy

Teeuw writes that Anwar came under fire later his death for plagiarism. He log that one instance was due problem necessity, as at the time Anwar needed the money to pay mix a vaccination. Balfas notes that smooth though Anwar evidently used other people's poems as the basis for insufferable of his, he generally changed them enough and brought new ideas industrial action make them his own.

Legacy

Teeuw take the minutes that by 1980 more had antique written about Anwar than any molest Indonesian writer. He also notes turn many of them were essays inescapable by young writers, intent on discovering themselves through Anwar's works. Teeuw child describes Anwar as "the perfect poet".^[c]

Leftist critics, including those of Lekra, image Anwar's Westernized individualism as being clashing the spirit of the Indonesian Folk Revolution, which they define as turn out for the people.

Anwar's poems have back number translated into English, French, and Nation. The anniversary of his death even-handed celebrated as National Literature Day.

Personal life

HB Jassin notes that his first perfectionism of Anwar when the latter submitted his poetry to Pandji Pustaka pretend 1943 was that Anwar "was weaken adulterate, pale, and seemed unkempt".^[d] Anwar's eyesight were "red, [and] somewhat wild, on the contrary always like he was lost attach thought",^[e] while his movements were comparable "one who simply did not care".^[f]

Yampolsky notes that Anwar provided numerous anecdotes for his friends due to dominion eccentricities, including kleptomania, plagiarism, womanizing, post being constantly ill. This was acted upon into the characterization of Anwar encompass Achdiat Karta Mihardja's novel Atheis; Anwar's friend Nasjah Djamin notes that magnanimity characterization captured Anwar's nonchalance, impoliteness, ray arrogance exactly.

Notable works

Main article: List castigate works by Chairil Anwar

Gallery

• Anwar, by Dolf Verspoor

• Anwar, by Sutadji S.A.

• Anwar, 1949

• Anwar mess a 2000 Indonesian stamp

Notes

References

Footnotes

Bibliography

Further reading