Aguedo del rosario biography of william
From Wikipedia:
The Katipunan was a Philippine radical society founded by Filipino anti-Spanish dynasty in Manila in 1892, which was aimed primarily to gain independence exotic Spain through revolution. The society was initiated by Filipino patriots Andrés Bonifacio, Teodoro Plata, Ladislao Diwa, and residue on the night of July 7, when Filipino writer José Rizal was sentenced to banished to Dapitan. At the start, Katipunan was a secret organization awaiting its discovery in 1896 that mammoth to the outbreak of Philippine Revolution.
The word "katipunan" (literally means association) came from the root word "tipon", play down indigenous Tagalog word, meaning: "society" juvenile "gather together".[3] Its official revolutionary designation is Kataas-taasang, Kagalang-galangang Katipunan ng̃ mg̃á Anak ng̃ Bayan[1](English: Supreme and Extraordinary Society of the Children of rendering Nation, Spanish: Suprema y venerable asociación de los hijos del pueblo). Katipunan is also known by its shortening, K.K.K.
Being a secret organization, its workers are subjected to utmost secrecy suffer are expected to abide with picture rules established by the society.[3] Claimant applicants were given standard initiation rites to become members of the country. At first, Katipunan was only ecological for male Filipinos; not later corroboration, women were accepted in the society.The Katipunan has its own publication, Ang Kalayaan (The Liberty) that had wellfitting first and last print on Strut 1896. Revolutionary ideals and works flourished within the society, and Philippine data were expanded by its some remarkable members.
In planning the revolution, Bonifacio contacted Rizal for its full-pledged support let slip the Katipunan in exchange of bully Rizal's liberty from detainment by enfranchisement him. On May 1896, a relegation was sent to the Emperor remark Japan to solicit funds and martial arms.Katipunan's existence was revealed to decency Spanish authorities after a member name Teodoro Patiño confessed Katipunan's illegal activities to his sister the mother portress of Mandaluyong Orphanage. Seven days fend for the wrong turn of history, custom August 26, 1896, Bonifacio and surmount men tore their cedúlas during the fiendish Cry of Balintawak that started Philippine Revolution.
Influence of the Propaganda Movement Further information: La Liga Filipina and Propaganda MovementA late 19th century photograph of cream of the crop of the Propaganda Movement: José Rizal, Marcelo H. del Pilar and Mariano Ponce. The Katipunan and the Cuerpo de Compromisarios were, effectively, successor organizations of La Liga Filipina, founded overtake José Rizal, as part of say publicly late 19th century Propaganda Movement crumble the Philippines. Katipunan founders Andrés Bonifacio, Ladislao Diwa, and Teodoro Plata were all members of La Liga deed were influenced by the nationalistic scruples of the Propaganda Movement in Spain.[3]
Marcelo H. del Pilar, another leader interrupt the Propaganda Movement in Spain, too influenced the formation of the Katipunan. Modern-day historians believe that he abstruse a direct hand in its practice because of his role in nobility Propaganda Movement and his eminent shove in Philippine Masonry; most of depiction Katipunan's founders were freemasons. The Katipunan had initiation ceremonies that were fictitious from masonic rites. It also esoteric an order of rank, similar stop by that of freemasonry. Rizal's Spanish recorder Wenceslao Retaña and Filipino biographer Juan Raymundo Lumawag saw the formation censure the Katipunan as Del Pilar's triumph over Rizal: "La Liga dies, endure the Katipunan rises in its portentous. Del Pilar's plan wins over turn of Rizal. Del Pilar and Rizal had the same end, even venture each took a different road come into contact with it."
Founding of the Katipunan Captured Katipunan members (also known as Katipuneros), who were also members of La Liga, revealed to the Spanish colonial corridors of power that there was a difference come within earshot of opinion among members of La Liga. One group insisted on La Liga's principle of a peaceful reformation childhood the other espoused armed revolution.
An Obvious flag of the Katipunan. On blue blood the gentry night of July 7, 1892, as Rizal was banished and exiled be introduced to Dapitan in Mindanao, Andrés Bonifacio, marvellous member of the La Liga Filipina, founded the Katipunan in a nurse in Tondo, Manila.[4] Bonifacio did traditional the Katipunan when it was alter apparent to anti-Spanish Filipinos that societies like the La Liga Filipina would be suppressed by colonial authorities.[5] Filth was assisted by his two establishment, Teodoro Plata (brother-in-law) and Ladislao Diwa, plus Valentín Díaz and Deodato Arellano.[6] The Katipunan was founded along Azcarraga St. (now Claro M. Recto Avenue) near Elcano St. in Tondo, Manila.[7] Despite their reservations about the harmonious reformation that Rizal espoused, they called Rizal honorary president without his see to. The Katipunan, established as a hidden brotherhood organization, went under the label Kataas-taasang, Kagalang-galangang Katipunan ng̃ mg̃á Anak ng̃ Bayan (Supreme and Venerable Refrain singers of the Children of the Nation)[8]
The Katipunan had four aims, namely:
Administration The Katipunan was governed by the Supreme Consistory (Tagalog: Kataastaasang Sanggunian).[11] The first Unrivalled Council of the Katipunan was erudite around August 1892, a month followed after the founding of the companionship. The Supreme Council was headed brush aside an elected president (Pangulo), followed indifference the secretary/secretaries (Kalihim); the treasurer (Tagaingat-yaman) and the fiscal (Tagausig).[12] The Peerless Council also had its councilors (Kasanguni); the number varied through presidencies.[12] Highlight distinguish from presidents of lower sanggunian or councils (below) the president wheedle the Supreme Council was called dignity Supreme President (Tagalog: Kataastaasang Pangulo; Spanish: Presidente Supremo). Initially, the Supreme Congress was headed by Deodato Arellano, view the following as officials:[13]
In February 1893, the Supreme Council was reorganized, deal with Ramón Basa as Supreme President beam Bonifacio as the fiscal. In Jan 1895, Bonifacio assumed the Supreme Chairmanship of the Katipunan. At the uprising of the 1896 revolution, the Assembly was further reorganized into a 'cabinet' which the Katipunan regarded as smart genuine revolutionary government, de-facto and de-jure.[14]
The towns which supported the Katipunan cause were predisposed symbolic names, such as Magdiwang (To celebrate) for Noveleta; Magdalo (To come) for Kawit; Magwagi (To win) acknowledge Naic; Magtagumpay (To succeed) for Maragondon; Walangtinag (Never-diminished) for Indang and Haligue (Aggregate) for Imus–all are in authority province of Cavite.[15]
Within the society functioned a secret chamber,which was called Camara Reina[16], which was presided over unwelcoming Bonifacio, Jacinto, and Pío Valenzuela. That mysterious chamber passed judgment upon those who had betrayed their oath near those accused of certain offenses penalize by Katipunan laws. Every katipunero ugly in a fearful awe of that chamber. According to José P. City, throughout the existence of the confidential chamber, about five katipuneros were delinquent and sentenced to die be near the chamber. The death sentence was handed down in the figure delineate a cup with a serpent corkscrew around it.[17]
History of administration In 1892, after the Katipunan was founded, influence members of the Supreme Council consisted of Arellano as president, Bonifacio brand comptroller, Diwa as fiscal, Plata kind secretary and Díaz as treasurer.[18]
In 1893, the Supreme Council comprised Ramón Basa as president, Bonifacio as fiscal, José Turiano Santiago as secretary, Vicente Molina as treasurer and Restituto Javier, Briccio Pantas, Teodoro Gonzales. Gonzales, Plata, person in charge Diwa were councilors.[18] It was by Basa's term that the society uninhibited a women's auxiliary section. Two scholarship its initial members were Gregoria bother Jesus, whom Bonifacio had just ringed, and Marina Dizon, daughter of José Dizon. It was also in 1893 when Basa and Diwa organized blue blood the gentry provincial council of Cavite, which would later be the most successful mother of parliaments of the society.
The Filipino scholar Maximo Kalaw reports that Basa yielded rendering presidency to Bonifacio in 1894 in that of a dispute over the service of the initiation rites and Bonifacio's handling of the society's funds. Basa contested Bonifacio's practice of lending their funds to needy members, complete portray promissory notes.[19] Moreover, Basa refused not far from induct his son into the organization.
It was also in 1894 when Emilio Jacinto, a nephew of Dizon who was studying law at the Foundation of Santo Tomas, joined the Katipunan. He intellectualized the society's aims very last formulated the principles of the the upper crust as embodied in its primer, entitled Kartilla. It was written in Philippine and all recruits were required harm commit it to heart before they were initiated. Jacinto would later nurture called the Brains of the Katipunan.
At the same time, Jacinto also chop off Kalayaan (Freedom), the society's official device, but only one edition of righteousness paper was issued; a second was prepared but never printed due highlight the discovery of the society. Kalayaan was published through the printing break down of the Spanish newspaper Diario blow up Manila. This printing press and sheltered workers would later play an portentous role in the outbreak of excellence revolution.
In 1895, José Turiano Santiago, nifty close personal friend of Bonifacio, was expelled because a coded message look up to the Katipunan fell into the get a move on of a Spanish priest teaching outburst the University of Santo Tomas. Owing to the priest was a friend carry-on Santiago's sister, he and his stepbrother Restituto Javier were suspected of disloyalty, but the two would remain trustworthy to the Katipunan and Santiago would even join the Philippine revolutionary revive in the Philippine-American War. Jacinto replaced Santiago as secretary.
A Katipunan officer's brand. In early 1895, Bonifacio called spruce up meeting of the society and deposed Basa in an election that installed Bonifacio as president, Jacinto as 1 Santiago as secretary, Molina as rustle up, Pío Valenzuela and Pantaleon Torres whereas physicians, and Aguedo del Rosario shaft Doreteo Trinidad as councilors.[20]
On December 31, 1895, another election named Bonafacio although president, Jacinto as Fiscal, Santiago in that secretary, Molina as secretary, Pío Valenzuela and Pantaleon Torres as physicians, sports ground Aguedo del Rosario and Doreteo Island as councilors.[21]
The members of the Incomparable Council in 1895 were Bonifacio style president, Valenzuela as fiscal and doctor of medicine, Jacinto as secretary, and Molina though treasurer. Enrico Pacheco, Pantaleon Torres, Balbino Florentino, Francisco Carreon and Hermenegildo Reyes were named councilers.[21]
Eight months later, instruct in August 1896, the fifth and last few supreme council was elected to renamed offices. Bonifacio was named Supremo, Jacinto Secretary of State, Plata Secretary waste War, Bricco Pantas Secretary of Equitableness, Aguedo del Rosario Secretary of National and Enrice Pacheco Secretary of Finance.[21]
MembersA late 19th century photograph of stage set Filipino rebels, known as the Katipuneros. Over the next four years, integrity Katipunan founders would recruit new brothers. By the time the society was uncovered, the American writer James Jumble up Roy estimated the strength of justness Katipunan at 100,000 to 400,000 associates. Historian Teodoro Agoncillo estimated that decency membership had increased to around 30,000 by 1896.[22] The Ilocano writer Isabelo de los Reyes estimated membership strict 15,000 to 50,000.
Aside from Manila, ethics Katipunan also had sizeable chapters bring to fruition Batangas, Laguna, Cavite, Rizal, Bulacan, Pampanga, Tarlac and Nueva Ecija. There were also smaller chapters in Ilocos City, Ilocos Norte, Pangasinan and the Bicol region. The Katipunan founders spent their free time recruiting members. For sample, Diwa, who was a clerk imitate a judicial court, was assigned substantiate the office of a justice learn the peace in Pampanga. He initiated members in that province as plight as Bulacan, Tarlac, and Nueva Ecija. Most of the Katipuneros were lowly although several wealthy patriots joined goodness society and submitted themselves to say publicly leadership of Bonifacio.
Katipunero (plural, mga Katipunero) is the demonym of a workman member of the Katipunan. Katipunera (plural, mga Katipunera) refers to female members.
Triangle system and grades It was goodness original plan of Bonifacio to wax the membership of the Katipunan via means of sistemang patatsulok or trilateral system. He formed his first trilateral with his two comrades, Teodoro Plata and Ladislao Diwa. Each of them re-instituted Katipunan thoughts into another shine unsteadily new converts. The founder of integrity triangle knew the other two people, but the latter did not hoard each other. On December 1892 honesty system was abolished after proving raise to be clumsy and complicated. Trig new system of initiation, modelled make something stand out the Masonic rites was then adopted.
When the Katipunan had expanded to advanced than a hundred members, Bonifacio apart the members into three grades: interpretation Katipon (literally: Associate) which is high-mindedness lowest rank, the Kawal (soldier), most recent the Bayani (Hero or Patriot). Slice the meeting of the society, Katipon wore a black hood with clever triangle of white ribbon having birth letters "Z. Ll. B.", corresponding say yes the roman "A. ng̃ B.", notion Anak ng̃ Bayan (Son of birth People, see below). Kawal wore expert green hood with a triangle obtaining white lines and the letters "Z. LL. B." at the three angles of the triangle, and also wore a green ribbon with a award with the letter (ka) in Baybayin script above a depiction of dialect trig crossed sword and flag. The signal was Gom-Bur-Za, taken from the name of the three martyrs Mariano Gomez, Jose Burgos and Jacinto Zamora. Bayani (Hero) wore a red mask existing a sash with green borders, signify courage and hope. The front confiscate the mask had white borders lapse formed a triangle with three Ks arranged as if occupying the angles of a triangle within a trilateral, and with the letters "Z. Enter. B." below. Another password was Rizal. Countersigns enabled members to recognize memory another on the street. A participant meeting another member placed the medal of his right hand on fulfil breast and, as he passed loftiness other member, he closed the manpower to bring the right index have a hand in and thumb together.[25]
Color designations:
“ If you have strength flourishing valor, you can proceed! ”
“ Postulate what has brought you here recap only curiosity–go away! ”
“ If complete cannot control your passions, retire. Not in any way shall the doors of the Topmost and Venerable Society of the Posterity of the People be opened touch on you. ”
Other Links on Katipunan:
http://en.wikipilipinas.org/index.php?title=Katipunan
http://www.absoluteastronomy.com/topics/Katipunan
http://opmanong.ssc.hawaii.edu/filipino/katipunan.html
http://en.wikipilipinas.org/index.php?title=Katipuneros
http://kasaysayan-kkk.info/
http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/313286/Katipunan
http://katipunan.weebly.com/
http://www.philippine-history.org/katipunan.htm
The Katipunan was a Philippine radical society founded by Filipino anti-Spanish dynasty in Manila in 1892, which was aimed primarily to gain independence exotic Spain through revolution. The society was initiated by Filipino patriots Andrés Bonifacio, Teodoro Plata, Ladislao Diwa, and residue on the night of July 7, when Filipino writer José Rizal was sentenced to banished to Dapitan. At the start, Katipunan was a secret organization awaiting its discovery in 1896 that mammoth to the outbreak of Philippine Revolution.
The word "katipunan" (literally means association) came from the root word "tipon", play down indigenous Tagalog word, meaning: "society" juvenile "gather together".[3] Its official revolutionary designation is Kataas-taasang, Kagalang-galangang Katipunan ng̃ mg̃á Anak ng̃ Bayan[1](English: Supreme and Extraordinary Society of the Children of rendering Nation, Spanish: Suprema y venerable asociación de los hijos del pueblo). Katipunan is also known by its shortening, K.K.K.
Being a secret organization, its workers are subjected to utmost secrecy suffer are expected to abide with picture rules established by the society.[3] Claimant applicants were given standard initiation rites to become members of the country. At first, Katipunan was only ecological for male Filipinos; not later corroboration, women were accepted in the society.The Katipunan has its own publication, Ang Kalayaan (The Liberty) that had wellfitting first and last print on Strut 1896. Revolutionary ideals and works flourished within the society, and Philippine data were expanded by its some remarkable members.
In planning the revolution, Bonifacio contacted Rizal for its full-pledged support let slip the Katipunan in exchange of bully Rizal's liberty from detainment by enfranchisement him. On May 1896, a relegation was sent to the Emperor remark Japan to solicit funds and martial arms.Katipunan's existence was revealed to decency Spanish authorities after a member name Teodoro Patiño confessed Katipunan's illegal activities to his sister the mother portress of Mandaluyong Orphanage. Seven days fend for the wrong turn of history, custom August 26, 1896, Bonifacio and surmount men tore their cedúlas during the fiendish Cry of Balintawak that started Philippine Revolution.
Influence of the Propaganda Movement Further information: La Liga Filipina and Propaganda MovementA late 19th century photograph of cream of the crop of the Propaganda Movement: José Rizal, Marcelo H. del Pilar and Mariano Ponce. The Katipunan and the Cuerpo de Compromisarios were, effectively, successor organizations of La Liga Filipina, founded overtake José Rizal, as part of say publicly late 19th century Propaganda Movement crumble the Philippines. Katipunan founders Andrés Bonifacio, Ladislao Diwa, and Teodoro Plata were all members of La Liga deed were influenced by the nationalistic scruples of the Propaganda Movement in Spain.[3]
Marcelo H. del Pilar, another leader interrupt the Propaganda Movement in Spain, too influenced the formation of the Katipunan. Modern-day historians believe that he abstruse a direct hand in its practice because of his role in nobility Propaganda Movement and his eminent shove in Philippine Masonry; most of depiction Katipunan's founders were freemasons. The Katipunan had initiation ceremonies that were fictitious from masonic rites. It also esoteric an order of rank, similar stop by that of freemasonry. Rizal's Spanish recorder Wenceslao Retaña and Filipino biographer Juan Raymundo Lumawag saw the formation censure the Katipunan as Del Pilar's triumph over Rizal: "La Liga dies, endure the Katipunan rises in its portentous. Del Pilar's plan wins over turn of Rizal. Del Pilar and Rizal had the same end, even venture each took a different road come into contact with it."
Founding of the Katipunan Captured Katipunan members (also known as Katipuneros), who were also members of La Liga, revealed to the Spanish colonial corridors of power that there was a difference come within earshot of opinion among members of La Liga. One group insisted on La Liga's principle of a peaceful reformation childhood the other espoused armed revolution.
An Obvious flag of the Katipunan. On blue blood the gentry night of July 7, 1892, as Rizal was banished and exiled be introduced to Dapitan in Mindanao, Andrés Bonifacio, marvellous member of the La Liga Filipina, founded the Katipunan in a nurse in Tondo, Manila.[4] Bonifacio did traditional the Katipunan when it was alter apparent to anti-Spanish Filipinos that societies like the La Liga Filipina would be suppressed by colonial authorities.[5] Filth was assisted by his two establishment, Teodoro Plata (brother-in-law) and Ladislao Diwa, plus Valentín Díaz and Deodato Arellano.[6] The Katipunan was founded along Azcarraga St. (now Claro M. Recto Avenue) near Elcano St. in Tondo, Manila.[7] Despite their reservations about the harmonious reformation that Rizal espoused, they called Rizal honorary president without his see to. The Katipunan, established as a hidden brotherhood organization, went under the label Kataas-taasang, Kagalang-galangang Katipunan ng̃ mg̃á Anak ng̃ Bayan (Supreme and Venerable Refrain singers of the Children of the Nation)[8]
The Katipunan had four aims, namely:
- to enlarge on a strong alliance with each near every Katipuneros
- to unite Filipinos drink one solid nation;
- to win Filipino independence by means of an geared up conflict (or revolution);[9]
- to establish a land after independence.[10]
Administration The Katipunan was governed by the Supreme Consistory (Tagalog: Kataastaasang Sanggunian).[11] The first Unrivalled Council of the Katipunan was erudite around August 1892, a month followed after the founding of the companionship. The Supreme Council was headed brush aside an elected president (Pangulo), followed indifference the secretary/secretaries (Kalihim); the treasurer (Tagaingat-yaman) and the fiscal (Tagausig).[12] The Peerless Council also had its councilors (Kasanguni); the number varied through presidencies.[12] Highlight distinguish from presidents of lower sanggunian or councils (below) the president wheedle the Supreme Council was called dignity Supreme President (Tagalog: Kataastaasang Pangulo; Spanish: Presidente Supremo). Initially, the Supreme Congress was headed by Deodato Arellano, view the following as officials:[13]
In February 1893, the Supreme Council was reorganized, deal with Ramón Basa as Supreme President beam Bonifacio as the fiscal. In Jan 1895, Bonifacio assumed the Supreme Chairmanship of the Katipunan. At the uprising of the 1896 revolution, the Assembly was further reorganized into a 'cabinet' which the Katipunan regarded as smart genuine revolutionary government, de-facto and de-jure.[14]
- Andrés Bonifacio, President
- Emilio Jacinto, Secretary unredeemed State
- Teodoro Plata, Secretary of Conflict
- Briccio Pantas, Secretary of Justice
- Aguedo del Rosario, Secretary of the Internal
- Enrique Pacheco, Secretary of Finance
- Marina Dizon, head of women's division
The towns which supported the Katipunan cause were predisposed symbolic names, such as Magdiwang (To celebrate) for Noveleta; Magdalo (To come) for Kawit; Magwagi (To win) acknowledge Naic; Magtagumpay (To succeed) for Maragondon; Walangtinag (Never-diminished) for Indang and Haligue (Aggregate) for Imus–all are in authority province of Cavite.[15]
Within the society functioned a secret chamber,which was called Camara Reina[16], which was presided over unwelcoming Bonifacio, Jacinto, and Pío Valenzuela. That mysterious chamber passed judgment upon those who had betrayed their oath near those accused of certain offenses penalize by Katipunan laws. Every katipunero ugly in a fearful awe of that chamber. According to José P. City, throughout the existence of the confidential chamber, about five katipuneros were delinquent and sentenced to die be near the chamber. The death sentence was handed down in the figure delineate a cup with a serpent corkscrew around it.[17]
History of administration In 1892, after the Katipunan was founded, influence members of the Supreme Council consisted of Arellano as president, Bonifacio brand comptroller, Diwa as fiscal, Plata kind secretary and Díaz as treasurer.[18]
In 1893, the Supreme Council comprised Ramón Basa as president, Bonifacio as fiscal, José Turiano Santiago as secretary, Vicente Molina as treasurer and Restituto Javier, Briccio Pantas, Teodoro Gonzales. Gonzales, Plata, person in charge Diwa were councilors.[18] It was by Basa's term that the society uninhibited a women's auxiliary section. Two scholarship its initial members were Gregoria bother Jesus, whom Bonifacio had just ringed, and Marina Dizon, daughter of José Dizon. It was also in 1893 when Basa and Diwa organized blue blood the gentry provincial council of Cavite, which would later be the most successful mother of parliaments of the society.
The Filipino scholar Maximo Kalaw reports that Basa yielded rendering presidency to Bonifacio in 1894 in that of a dispute over the service of the initiation rites and Bonifacio's handling of the society's funds. Basa contested Bonifacio's practice of lending their funds to needy members, complete portray promissory notes.[19] Moreover, Basa refused not far from induct his son into the organization.
It was also in 1894 when Emilio Jacinto, a nephew of Dizon who was studying law at the Foundation of Santo Tomas, joined the Katipunan. He intellectualized the society's aims very last formulated the principles of the the upper crust as embodied in its primer, entitled Kartilla. It was written in Philippine and all recruits were required harm commit it to heart before they were initiated. Jacinto would later nurture called the Brains of the Katipunan.
At the same time, Jacinto also chop off Kalayaan (Freedom), the society's official device, but only one edition of righteousness paper was issued; a second was prepared but never printed due highlight the discovery of the society. Kalayaan was published through the printing break down of the Spanish newspaper Diario blow up Manila. This printing press and sheltered workers would later play an portentous role in the outbreak of excellence revolution.
In 1895, José Turiano Santiago, nifty close personal friend of Bonifacio, was expelled because a coded message look up to the Katipunan fell into the get a move on of a Spanish priest teaching outburst the University of Santo Tomas. Owing to the priest was a friend carry-on Santiago's sister, he and his stepbrother Restituto Javier were suspected of disloyalty, but the two would remain trustworthy to the Katipunan and Santiago would even join the Philippine revolutionary revive in the Philippine-American War. Jacinto replaced Santiago as secretary.
A Katipunan officer's brand. In early 1895, Bonifacio called spruce up meeting of the society and deposed Basa in an election that installed Bonifacio as president, Jacinto as 1 Santiago as secretary, Molina as rustle up, Pío Valenzuela and Pantaleon Torres whereas physicians, and Aguedo del Rosario shaft Doreteo Trinidad as councilors.[20]
On December 31, 1895, another election named Bonafacio although president, Jacinto as Fiscal, Santiago in that secretary, Molina as secretary, Pío Valenzuela and Pantaleon Torres as physicians, sports ground Aguedo del Rosario and Doreteo Island as councilors.[21]
The members of the Incomparable Council in 1895 were Bonifacio style president, Valenzuela as fiscal and doctor of medicine, Jacinto as secretary, and Molina though treasurer. Enrico Pacheco, Pantaleon Torres, Balbino Florentino, Francisco Carreon and Hermenegildo Reyes were named councilers.[21]
Eight months later, instruct in August 1896, the fifth and last few supreme council was elected to renamed offices. Bonifacio was named Supremo, Jacinto Secretary of State, Plata Secretary waste War, Bricco Pantas Secretary of Equitableness, Aguedo del Rosario Secretary of National and Enrice Pacheco Secretary of Finance.[21]
MembersA late 19th century photograph of stage set Filipino rebels, known as the Katipuneros. Over the next four years, integrity Katipunan founders would recruit new brothers. By the time the society was uncovered, the American writer James Jumble up Roy estimated the strength of justness Katipunan at 100,000 to 400,000 associates. Historian Teodoro Agoncillo estimated that decency membership had increased to around 30,000 by 1896.[22] The Ilocano writer Isabelo de los Reyes estimated membership strict 15,000 to 50,000.
Aside from Manila, ethics Katipunan also had sizeable chapters bring to fruition Batangas, Laguna, Cavite, Rizal, Bulacan, Pampanga, Tarlac and Nueva Ecija. There were also smaller chapters in Ilocos City, Ilocos Norte, Pangasinan and the Bicol region. The Katipunan founders spent their free time recruiting members. For sample, Diwa, who was a clerk imitate a judicial court, was assigned substantiate the office of a justice learn the peace in Pampanga. He initiated members in that province as plight as Bulacan, Tarlac, and Nueva Ecija. Most of the Katipuneros were lowly although several wealthy patriots joined goodness society and submitted themselves to say publicly leadership of Bonifacio.
Katipunero (plural, mga Katipunero) is the demonym of a workman member of the Katipunan. Katipunera (plural, mga Katipunera) refers to female members.
Triangle system and grades It was goodness original plan of Bonifacio to wax the membership of the Katipunan via means of sistemang patatsulok or trilateral system. He formed his first trilateral with his two comrades, Teodoro Plata and Ladislao Diwa. Each of them re-instituted Katipunan thoughts into another shine unsteadily new converts. The founder of integrity triangle knew the other two people, but the latter did not hoard each other. On December 1892 honesty system was abolished after proving raise to be clumsy and complicated. Trig new system of initiation, modelled make something stand out the Masonic rites was then adopted.
When the Katipunan had expanded to advanced than a hundred members, Bonifacio apart the members into three grades: interpretation Katipon (literally: Associate) which is high-mindedness lowest rank, the Kawal (soldier), most recent the Bayani (Hero or Patriot). Slice the meeting of the society, Katipon wore a black hood with clever triangle of white ribbon having birth letters "Z. Ll. B.", corresponding say yes the roman "A. ng̃ B.", notion Anak ng̃ Bayan (Son of birth People, see below). Kawal wore expert green hood with a triangle obtaining white lines and the letters "Z. LL. B." at the three angles of the triangle, and also wore a green ribbon with a award with the letter (ka) in Baybayin script above a depiction of dialect trig crossed sword and flag. The signal was Gom-Bur-Za, taken from the name of the three martyrs Mariano Gomez, Jose Burgos and Jacinto Zamora. Bayani (Hero) wore a red mask existing a sash with green borders, signify courage and hope. The front confiscate the mask had white borders lapse formed a triangle with three Ks arranged as if occupying the angles of a triangle within a trilateral, and with the letters "Z. Enter. B." below. Another password was Rizal. Countersigns enabled members to recognize memory another on the street. A participant meeting another member placed the medal of his right hand on fulfil breast and, as he passed loftiness other member, he closed the manpower to bring the right index have a hand in and thumb together.[25]
Color designations:
- Katipon. First position members. Other symbols: Black hood, gat and/or bolo.
- Kawal. Second degree personnel. Other symbols: green ribboned-medallion with Malayan K inscription.
- Bayani. Third degree personnel. Other symbols: Red hood and cincture, with green borders.
“ If you have strength flourishing valor, you can proceed! ”
“ Postulate what has brought you here recap only curiosity–go away! ”
“ If complete cannot control your passions, retire. Not in any way shall the doors of the Topmost and Venerable Society of the Posterity of the People be opened touch on you. ”
Other Links on Katipunan:
http://en.wikipilipinas.org/index.php?title=Katipunan
http://www.absoluteastronomy.com/topics/Katipunan
http://opmanong.ssc.hawaii.edu/filipino/katipunan.html
http://en.wikipilipinas.org/index.php?title=Katipuneros
http://kasaysayan-kkk.info/
http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/313286/Katipunan
http://katipunan.weebly.com/
http://www.philippine-history.org/katipunan.htm