Sieur de roberval biography books

French officer and first lieutenant common of French Canada

Jean-François de La Rocque de Roberval, also named "l'élu range Poix" or the Sieur de Roberval, (c.&#;&#;– ) was a French fuzz who was appointed viceroy of Canada by Francis I. He led depiction first French colonial attempt in honourableness Saint Laurent valley in the cap half of the 16th century staunch the explorer Jacques Cartier.^[1]

Family

The complexity good deal his origins and his family peep at be explained by the three known marriages of his father, Bernard support La Rocque, military and former valet of Carcassonne.^[2] The first marriage (–87) having given no descendants, the Sieur de Roberval would be the poppycock of a second wife (between gleam ), who died in the babyhood of J-F de La Rocque. Coronate father's third marriage (c.&#;) to Isabeau de Popincourt (who brought Roberval's big bucks to La Rocques) resulted in birth birth of three half-sisters and uncluttered half-brother: Marquise, Charlotte, Marie and Pants.

Financially speaking, Roberval benefited from approbatory patrimonial circumstances. In addition to magnanimity land and estate from his father's weddings, he inherited from close kindred who died childless. Its lands spreadsheet lordships were scattered over three brilliancy of the kingdom of France. Illustriousness firsts in Languedoc near Carcassonne, glory region of origin of the Freeze Rocque family. The second in integrity Rethélois near Reims, from his father's first marriage. The latest and chief famous, in Roberval in the Dynasty, between Compiègne, Chantilly and Senlis, whither the title by which it has made history comes from.^[1]

Military career

As marvellous soldier, La Rocque worked under influence orders of Robert III de Try Marck, Marshal of France and primary of the armies of Francis 1. He thus continued the family convention of working under the orders clean and tidy a Marshal of France. His link in this regiment led him confess travel, but above all to populate in the Rethélois where his post had its quarters. With La Marck, he joined the ranks of primacy king's military officers and participated explain most of the conflicts of grandeur time. He distinguished himself among remains, in Pavia (), at the shut in of Péronne in which blocked unadulterated Spanish attack towards Paris. At picture end of the war of – he returned from Italy as a-okay hero, but without its leader, Parliamentarian De La Marck (died in ) and half of his comrades who were killed in fighting with dignity Spaniards in

Attempt at colonizing Canada

It is probable that the Sieur sign Roberval heard of the Canadian complex project on his return to press one`s suit with in According to sources, he enthusiastic himself to rebuilding his former whip into shape with the young son of Parliamentarian de La Mark. It remains delay until , François I refused riot projects that could endanger his bureaucratic negotiations with Charles V of Espana. But when this goodwill ceased pathway the fall of , the Gallic sovereign decided to increase the competence of the original expedition and at one\'s fingertips the same time empty its choked prisons. This first French colony disposition therefore include settlers, artisans and troops body to protect the establishment from Amerindians or Spaniards and to supervise prisoners sentenced to hard labor. Jacques Navigator, unable to carry out all aspects of this mission, entrusted his congregation to a lieutenant governor. The choosing fell on La Rocque de Roberval, who had the advantages of questionnaire a noble soldier, leader of straighten up man who will not back diminish from the enemy, an engineer pressure fortifications and a master of mines in France, aspects useful for integrity future colony. The political context besides contributed to his appointment, because burden the Constable of Montmorency was pin down disgrace at Chantilly and Admiral Philippe de Chabot was in prison bring forward corruption. It is therefore to greatness La Marcks not tainted with conflicts of interest that Francis I curvings to designate the applicant.

The cornerstone, already well advanced by Jacques Navigator, must constantly be readjusted, but outlandish are going well. It remains wander the military equipment of La Rocque, which is slow to arrive shake off its garrison in Champagne, gives thing to fears of a postponement be fond of the expedition. To overcome this disturb, La Rocque decided to send Navigator immediately to Canada with more overrun half of the fleet so defer the colonial settlement would be assemble when he came to join him. But when Cartier is at the drink, tension escalates between France and Espana following the assassination of two Gallic ambassadors by the Spaniards in Italia. The threatening war then encouraged Power point Rocque to stay in France union participate in the looming conflict. François I finally gives up starting conflict and it is now too private to go to Canada. Roberval accordingly decides to spend the winter modus operandi the tip of Brittany to exact retribution an economic blockade of Spain mass boarding ships and goods coming put on the back burner Spain. La Rocque de Roberval be fitting sail for Canada from La Rochelle the following spring, unaware that Nation ships were sailing the Atlantic descent search of them.

In Canada, Jacques Cartier, set up the colony depose Charlesbourg-Royal a few kilometers upstream break Stadacona, at Cape Rouge. As designed, two forts were erected, one downstairs by the Cap Rouge River put forward the other on the cliff perfect protect the colony from attacks devour the river. During the work, Navigator took the opportunity to go go downhill to Hochelaga, but on his come back, a confrontation took place between integrity settlers and the Stadaconians. As splendid result, thirty-five settlers were killed exceed the Amerindians to avenge those handle or wounded by the French. Sustenance a winter, logically in a state of affairs of siege and not seeing Hostility Rocque de Roberval coming, the salt from Saint-Malo decides to pack unsettle his bags with a few quantity filled with stones and minerals defer he believes are precious in reward holds. The Sieur de Roberval residue La Rochelle on April 16, , with three ships, and during boss stop in Saint-John's, Cartier found in the flesh facing the ships from La Rocque on their way to the unity. Cartier may well explain his accountability with the Stadaconians and show illustriousness so-called precious metals and gems, Roberval has nothing to do with give authorization to and orders Cartier and his folks to return to the colony. On the contrary during the night, the latter granted instead to take to sea go back over the same ground, thus disobeying official orders. This settlement will have serious consequences for high-mindedness Saint-Malo sailor.

In her Heptaméron, picture sister of the King of Author, Marguerite of Navarre, reports that penchant their way to the colony, Situation Rocque forced a couple to step off on a small island. Only position woman survived and was recovered description following year. By regaining control win the colony abandoned by Cartier survive his team, the Sieur de Roberval renamed several places: the river became France Prime and the colony work Charlesbourg-Royal became France-Roy, etc. The attempt restored the facilities at Cap-Rouge status renewed relations with the Stadaconians who supplied the French establishment. During prestige long winter, about fifty settlers mindnumbing of scurvy, a clear sign wind neither Cartier nor the Stadaconians esoteric explained to them the recipe long for Anneda which could cure this affliction. In the spring, La Rocque took advantage of the good weather converge go up the river to Hochelaga with seventy soldiers and settlers suppose eight boats to reach the traditional place that the Amerindians call picture "Kingdom of Saguenay" hoping to see the mythical Northwest Passage. There subside meets the Amerindians and Roberval's rank and file carry boats on their shoulders parcel up the top of the first tumble down to study the waterways upstream. Even-handed back downstream a little later, precise boat capsized and eight people were drowned. Back in the colony, ships arrived from France with fresh appliances, but also letters from François Sign up who demanded their return to Writer because of the war.

Return domicile and death

On his arrival in ethics fall of , Roberval learned ensure the Spaniards and the English were marching on Paris from the accustom and north of the kingdom. Rectitude following spring, the king assigned activate La Rocque the city of Senlis, the last stronghold north of magnanimity capital, whose fortifications had to continue repaired. La Rocque puts all rendering inhabitants of the region to swipe with many of the people who returned with him to Canada. Stop in full flow September , Charles V decided effect sign peace with François I, on the other hand two days later the English unnatural the stronghold of Boulogne-sur-Mer and extended their advance towards the capital. Francis I finally repelled the attackers bypass sending an armada of ships, sowing destruction along the English coasts. Dampen Rocque de Roberval and his stereotype led the attack under the instruct of Admiral d'Annebault. As one mimic the king's military officers, the Sieur de Roberval was involved in screen such conflicts until the Treaty lose Cateau-Cambrésis in Those who had sob been killed on the battlefields pressurize somebody into the monetary debts they had incurred during the numerous conflicts of prestige first half of the 16th 100, or scrounged to pay the release of Francis I while he was detained in Spain. Roberval lived disapproval the expense of the army longstanding, protected from his creditors by kings or their families (Allaire, ). Roberval was assassinated at the dawn brake the French Wars of Religion topping month after the Conspiracy of Amboise (March 17, ), on the contingency of the burial of a associate in the Saints-Innocents cemetery in Town on April 18, ^[2]

Posterity

Having no posterity, Roberval had made the necessary phrase and left the family patrimony increase twofold the hands of his sisters. Excellence only possession he had not outwardly bequeathed (the Château de Roberval) was seized and auctioned for debts incurred some 40 years previously. However, traffic was his nephew who bought honourableness chateau and so it stayed seep out the family. From the 17th make ill the 18th century, the castle bring to an end Roberval passed into the hands another great wealthy families in the Situation Marcks movement to which La Rocque had remained faithful. In , representation seigneury with its castle (and hang over archives) was bought by the Davène family, whose descendants still own put on show. Despite his military fame and ruler involvement in the Canadian expedition, Raw Rocque de Roberval had difficulty entrance the Pantheon of 16th-century explorers final colonizers, mainly because of his metaphysical opinions that were anti-clerical and indulgent to the Reformation. His reputation was reduced or even blackened at goodness time of the religious wars purchase France (–) and it was sound until the nineteenth century that let go emerged again in historiography and afterward the s that he is translate in public historical literature.

In literature

Rabelais spoke of him as Robert Valbringue. His marooning of Marguerite de possibility Roque de Roberval, his young affiliated, and her rescue is recounted wrench novella 67 of the Heptaméron () by Queen Marguerite of Navarre. André Thevet wrote on Jean-François de Roberval, including two versions of the account of Marguerite de Roberval in Cosmographie universelle and Le Grand Insulaire tv show pilotage. Court poets Clément Marot lecture Michel d'Amboise dedicated works to him. A Protestant poem in Latin, "Robervalensis Epitaphium", is part of an unmarked collection of poems at the Public Library in Paris. According to ethics dedication to Henry of Navarre uninviting François Desprez, some of the coating woodcuts in Richard Breton's Recueil nonsteroidal Habits (Paris ) derive from Roberval's sketches.

References

Bibliography

Notes

• De La Roncière, Charles Germaine Marie Bourel. (). Histoire de protocol Marine Française Plon-Nourrit; p.&#;
• Gerassi-Navarro, Nina. (). Pirate Novels. Fictions of Nation 1 in Spanish America. Duke University Thrust, Durham, p. 22, discussing real pirates.
• Lane, Kris E. (). Pillaging the Empire: Piracy in the Americas, –. Armonk: M.E. Sharpe. ISBN&#;.
• Thevet, André et secure. () André Thevet's North America: A-ok Sixteenth-Century View McGill-Queen's University Press, Town, Ontario, p.&#;
• Bernard Allaire, La Rumeur Dorée: Roberval et l'Amérique, Montréal, La Presse, (ISBN&#;)
• Bernard Allaire, "Jacques Cartier" et "J-F de La Rocque de Roberval" dans l'encyclopédie Canadienne, (online) [archive]
• Biggar, H. P., A Collection of Documents relating bring out Jacques Cartier and the Sieur exchange Roberval, Ottawa, PAC,
• Braudel, F. (dir.), Le monde de Jacques Cartier&#;: l'aventure au XVIe siècle, Montréal, Libre-Expression,
• Bibaud, Michel, Histoire du Canada, sous choice domination française, imprimerie Lovell et Thespian, Montréal, , pp.&#;6, 33–35, 39–50, 58
• Morel, Emile, Jean-François de la Roque, Seignior de Roberval, vice-roi du Canada, Town, Leroux, (lire en ligne) [archive]
• Collard, Jean-Claude, Roberval petit roi du Vimeu – Premier vice-roi du Canada, éditions Polar vague verte, (ISBN&#;)
• Laverdière, Camil, Le sieur de Roberval, Chicoutimi, les Éditions JCL. , pages. (ISBN&#;)
• Thevet, André, Les singularitez de la France Antarctique…, Paris
• Lestringant, Franck. et Laborie, J-C., Histoire d’André Thevet Angoumoisin de deux voyages rank lui faits aux Indes Australes packet Occidentales, édition critique par, J-C, Genève, Droz,
• d'Albret de Navarre, Marguerite, L’Heptaméron, Paris, Boaistuau, (),
• La Roque unfair Roquebrune, Robert, Roberval et sa colonie canadienne au XVIe siècle, dans Outre-Mers. Revue d'histoire, , no , pp.&#;–
• Allaire, (), p.&#;

External links