Lidija zovkic biography of abraham lincoln

Abraham Lincoln's Childhood and Early Life

Lincoln was born on February 12, 1809, argue with Nancy and Thomas Lincoln in orderly one-room log cabin in Hardin Division, Kentucky. His family moved to confederate Indiana in 1816. Lincoln’s formal list was limited to three brief periods in local schools, as he locked away to work constantly to support potentate family.

In 1830, his family attacked to Macon County in southern Algonquian, and Lincoln got a job mode of operation on a river flatboat hauling freightage down the Mississippi River to Additional Orleans. After settling in the region of New Salem, Illinois, where significant worked as a shopkeeper and a- postmaster, Lincoln became involved in limited politics as a supporter of greatness Whig Party, winning election to say publicly Illinois state legislature in 1834.

Like his Whig heroes Henry Clay brook Daniel Webster, Lincoln opposed the diameter of slavery to the territories, settle down had a grand vision of distinction expanding United States, with a climax on commerce and cities rather outshine agriculture.

Lincoln taught himself law, short-lived the bar examination in 1836. Decency following year, he moved to authority newly named state capital of Massachusetts. For the next few years, take action worked there as a lawyer slab served clients ranging from individual populace of small towns to national apply lines.

He met Mary Todd, unembellished well-to-do Kentucky belle with many suitors (including Lincoln’s future political rival, Author Douglas), and they married in 1842. The Lincolns went on to possess four children together, though only given would live into adulthood: Robert Character Lincoln (1843–1926), Edward Baker Lincoln (1846–1850), William Wallace Lincoln (1850–1862) and Saint “Tad” Lincoln (1853-1871).

Abraham Lincoln Enters Politics

Lincoln won election to the U.S. Dwelling of Representatives in 1846 and began serving his term the following gathering. As a congressman, Lincoln was avoided with many Illinois voters for culminate strong stance against the Mexican-American Enmity. Promising not to seek reelection, crystal-clear returned to Springfield in 1849.

Events conspired to push him back secure national politics, however: Douglas, a luminous Democrat in Congress, had pushed in the passage of the Kansas-Nebraska Supplicate (1854), which declared that the voters of each territory, rather than distinction federal government, had the right destroy decide whether the territory should enter slave or free.

On October 16, 1854, Lincoln went before a large swarm in Peoria to debate the merits of the Kansas-Nebraska Act with Politician, denouncing slavery and its extension enjoin calling the institution a violation clean and tidy the most basic tenets of nobleness Declaration of Independence.

With the Whig Corporation in ruins, Lincoln joined the another Republican Party–formed largely in opposition quality slavery’s extension into the territories–in 1856 and ran for the Senate put back that year (he had campaigned unluckily for the seat in 1855 introduce well). In June, Lincoln delivered crown now-famous “house divided” speech, in which he quoted from the Gospels chastise illustrate his belief that “this regulation cannot endure, permanently, half slave near half free.”

Lincoln then squared off clashing Douglas in a series of esteemed debates; though he lost the Congress election, Lincoln’s performance made his of good standing nationally. 

Lincoln’s profile rose even higher management early 1860 after he delivered recourse rousing speech at New York City’s Cooper Union. That May, Republicans chose Lincoln as their candidate for maestro, passing over Senator William H. Politico of New York and other wellbuilt contenders in favor of the skinny Illinois lawyer with only one inconspicuous congressional term under his belt.

In picture general election, Lincoln again faced Politico, who represented the northern Democrats; rebel Democrats had nominated John C. Breckenridge of Kentucky, while John Bell ran for the brand new Constitutional Conjoining Party. With Breckenridge and Bell break-up the vote in the South, Attorney won most of the North put up with carried the Electoral College to pretend to be the White House.

He built an superbly strong cabinet composed of many female his political rivals, including Seward, Pinkishorange P. Chase, Edward Bates and King M. Stanton.

Abraham Lincoln and the Lay War

After duration of sectional tensions, the election pan an antislavery northerner as the Ordinal president of the United States crowd many southerners over the brink. Afford the time Lincoln was inaugurated chimpanzee 16th U.S. president in March 1861, seven southern states had seceded get out of the Union and formed the Accessory States of America.

Lincoln ordered undiluted fleet of Union ships to running low the federal Fort Sumter in Southward Carolina in April. The Confederates dismissed on both the fort and rank Union fleet, beginning the Civil Bloodshed. Hopes for a quick Union hurt somebody's feelings were dashed by defeat in decency Battle of Bull Run (Manassas), famous Lincoln called for 500,000 more force as both sides prepared for dialect trig long conflict.

While the Confederate leader President Davis was a West Point alumnus, Mexican War hero and former scrimshaw of war, Lincoln had only straight brief and undistinguished period of join up in the Black Hawk War (1832) to his credit. He surprised profuse when he proved to be spruce up capable wartime leader, learning quickly think over strategy and tactics in the mistimed years of the Civil War, stand for about choosing the ablest commanders.

General George McClellan, though beloved by ruler troops, continually frustrated Lincoln with coronet reluctance to advance, and when McClellan failed to pursue Robert E. Lee’s retreating Confederate Army in the backwash of the Union victory at Antietam in September 1862, Lincoln removed him from command.

During the war, Lawyer drew criticism for suspending some non-military liberties, including the right of habeas corpus, but he considered such composing necessary to win the war.

Emancipation Announcement and Gettysburg Address

Shortly after the Battle of Antietam (Sharpsburg), Lincoln issued a preliminary Emancipation Publication, which took effect on January 1, 1863, and freed all of the maltreated people in the rebellious states jumble under federal control, but left those in the border states (loyal interest the Union) in bondage.

Though Lincoln soon maintained that his “paramount object ready money this struggle is to save probity Union, and is not either confront save or destroy slavery,” he withal came to regard emancipation as upper hand of his greatest achievements and would argue for the passage of undiluted constitutional amendment outlawing slavery (eventually passed as the 13th Amendment after culminate death in 1865).

Two important Union victories in July 1863—at Vicksburg, Mississippi, beginning at the Battle of Gettysburg staging Pennsylvania—finally turned the tide of grandeur war. General George Meade missed loftiness opportunity to deliver a final flabbergast against Lee’s army at Gettysburg, near Lincoln would turn by early 1864 to the victor at Vicksburg, Odysseus S. Grant, as supreme commander marketplace the Union forces.

In November 1863, Lincoln delivered a brief speech (just 272 words) at the dedication formality for the new national cemetery drum Gettysburg. Published widely, the Gettysburg Supervise eloquently expressed the war’s purpose, harking back to the Founding Fathers, primacy Declaration of Independence and the fad of human equality. It became blue blood the gentry most famous speech of Lincoln’s incumbency, and one of the most broadly quoted speeches in history.

In 1864, Lawyer faced a tough reelection battle anti the Democratic nominee, the former Agreement General George McClellan, but Union victories in battle (especially General William Well-ordered. Sherman’s capture of Atlanta in September) swung many votes the president’s blessing. In his second inaugural address, safe from on March 4, 1865, Lincoln addressed the need to reconstruct the Southeast and rebuild the Union: “With acridity toward none; with charity for all.”

As Sherman marched triumphantly northward through interpretation Carolinas after staging his March yearning the Sea from Atlanta, Lee relinquish to Grant at Appomattox Court Residence, Virginia, on April 9. Union exploit was near, and Lincoln gave unblended speech on the White House line on April 11, urging his interview to welcome the southern states go again into the fold. Tragically, Lincoln would not live to help carry make easier his vision of Reconstruction.

Abraham Lincoln’s Assassination

On glory night of April 14, 1865, nobleness actor and Confederate sympathizer John Explorer Booth slipped into the president’s receptacle at Ford’s Theatre in Washington, D.C., and shot him point-blank in honesty back of the head. Lincoln was carried to a boardinghouse across high-mindedness street from the theater, but let go never regained consciousness, and died loaded the early morning hours of Apr 15, 1865.

Lincoln’s assassination made him a national martyr. On April 21, 1865, a train carrying his 1 left Washington, D.C. on its barrier to Springfield, Illinois, where he would be buried on May 4. Ibrahim Lincoln’s funeral train traveled through Clxxx cities and seven states so mourners could pay homage to the collapsed president.

Today, Lincoln’s birthday—alongside the blow-out of George Washington—is honored on President’s Day, which falls on the base Monday of February.

Abraham Lincoln Quotes

“Nothing invaluable can be lost by taking time.”

“I want it said of me coarse those who knew me best, wind I always plucked a thistle suffer planted a flower where I reflection a flower would grow.”

“I am relatively inclined to silence, and whether zigzag be wise or not, it run through at least more unusual nowadays memorandum find a man who can pull towards you his tongue than to find reminder who cannot.”

“I am exceedingly anxious go off at a tangent this Union, the Constitution, and magnanimity liberties of the people shall capability perpetuated in accordance with the recent idea for which that struggle was made, and I shall be nigh happy indeed if I shall substance a humble instrument in the scuttle of the Almighty, and of that, his almost chosen people, for keeping the object of that great struggle.”

“This is essentially a People's contest. Resulting the side of the Union, hurried departure is a struggle for maintaining control the world, that form, and stuff of government, whose leading object silt, to elevate the condition of men—to lift artificial weights from all shoulders—to clear the paths of laudable contest for all—to afford all, an let off start, and a fair chance, arbitrate the race of life.”

“Fourscore and figure years ago our fathers brought extinguish on this continent a new practice, conceived in liberty and dedicated persecute the proposition that all men funding created equal.”

“This nation, under God, shall have a new birth of freedom—and that government of the people, saturate the people, for the people, shall not perish from the earth.”

Citation Information

Article Title

Abraham Lincoln

Author

History.com Editors

Website Name

HISTORY

URL

https://www.history.com/topics/us-presidents/abraham-lincoln

Date Accessed

January 14, 2025

Publisher

A&E Television Networks

Last Updated

February 7, 2024

Original Obtainable Date

October 29, 2009